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Sun Rising Over Aztec Pyramid




MY

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Fuel Cell Vehicle

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  MY PAPER California Climate Change Center's First Annual Conference on Climate Change, June 9-10, 2004, Sacramento, CA

Michael Stavy  
Consulting Energy Economist  
312.832.1631  
432 North Clark Street  
Suite 204  
Chicago, Illinois USA 60610  

michaelstavy@covad.net  




 

THE CARBON CONTENT OF HYDROGEN VEHICLE FUEL

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major green house gas that is causing global warming. The US fleet of gasoline fueled auto vehicles (GV) has increased the atmospheric concentration of CO2. A proposed US fleet of hydrogen fueled vehicles (fuel cell, ICE, etc) (HV) does not emit any significant CO2 as it operates.

H2 does not occur in nature and must be produced. Current US industrial H2 production technologies (reformation of natural gas, coal and oil gasification) are all hydrocarbon based and all emit CO2 as a by-product of the H2 production. H2 production at an electric (renewable, carbon content grid or nuclear electricity) powered hydrogen electrolyzer (HE) does not emit any CO2 as a by-product of the H2 production.

Any carbon emitted in the production of H2 must be attributed to the proposed hydrogen vehicle fleet. A HV fleet that uses hydrocarbon based H2 does not operate carbon free when the CO2 emissions from the H2 production are included in the computation of the HV fleet’s CO2 emissions.

H2, produced as an industrial gas, has traditionally been measured by mass: lb (SI; kg) or volume: standard cubic foot (SCF) (nominal cubic meter [Nm3]). H2, produced as H2 vehicle fuel (HVF), should be measured in the standard units of measurement for gasoline: gal-H2; L-H2. These are equivalent units of energy, not volume.

The benchmark carbon values for GVF and HVF are required to compute the CO2 emissions from the GV and HV fleets. The paper presents a set of benchmark CO2 emission values for HE production and for steam methane reformation (SMR), the major industrial hydrocarbon based H2 production technology. A benchmark value for the carbon content of gasoline vehicle fuel (GVF) is also presented. The benchmark carbon values for gasoline and H2 are complied from published sources. The availability and variability of published H2 carbon content values are noted.

The fuel efficiencies of the GV fleet and the HV fleets are also required. Vehicle fuel efficiency is measured in mpg; (L/100km). The availability and variability of published fuel efficiency values for the GV and the HV fleets are noted.

The carbon emissions from the GV and HV fleets are measured in gm-CO2/mi; gm-CO2/100km. The GV and HV fleet CO2 emission values are computed presented and compared.

The paper presents the worksheet, A Comparison of the CO2 Emissions (gm-CO2/mi; gm-CO2/L-H2) for a GV and HV Fleet using GVF and HVF from Different Hydrogen Production Technologies. A paper will be provided.


             Fuel Cell Vehicle

This paper was a work in progress. A revised copy of this paper has been accepted by the Journal of Solar Energy Engineering.  Use the link below.

PAPER to be Published by the Journal of Solar Energy Engineering

Below is the link to the location of where my poster presentation was at the meeting.


18 June 2004 












Michael Stavy, Consulting  Energy Economist







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